Conformal field theories in curved backgrounds have been used to describe inhomogeneous one-dimensional systems, such as quantum gases in trapping potentials and non-equilibrium spin chains. This approach provided, in a elegant and simple fashion, non-trivial analytic predictions for quantities, such as the entanglement entropy, that are not accessible through other methods. Here, we generalise this approach to low-lying excited states, focusing on the entanglement and relative entropies in an inhomogeneous free-fermionic system. Our most important finding is that the universal scaling function characterising these entanglement measurements is the same as the one for homogeneous systems, but expressed in terms of a different variable. This new scaling variable is a non-trivial function of the subsystem length and system's inhomogeneity that is easily written in terms of the curved metric. We test our predictions against exact numerical calculations in the free Fermi gas trapped by a harmonic potential, finding perfect agreement.

Entanglement and relative entropies for low-lying excited states in inhomogeneous one-dimensional quantum systems / Murciano, S.; Ruggiero, P.; Calabrese, P.. - In: JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS: THEORY AND EXPERIMENT. - ISSN 1742-5468. - 2019:3(2019), pp. 1-29. [10.1088/1742-5468/ab00ec]

Entanglement and relative entropies for low-lying excited states in inhomogeneous one-dimensional quantum systems

Ruggiero P.;Calabrese P.
2019-01-01

Abstract

Conformal field theories in curved backgrounds have been used to describe inhomogeneous one-dimensional systems, such as quantum gases in trapping potentials and non-equilibrium spin chains. This approach provided, in a elegant and simple fashion, non-trivial analytic predictions for quantities, such as the entanglement entropy, that are not accessible through other methods. Here, we generalise this approach to low-lying excited states, focusing on the entanglement and relative entropies in an inhomogeneous free-fermionic system. Our most important finding is that the universal scaling function characterising these entanglement measurements is the same as the one for homogeneous systems, but expressed in terms of a different variable. This new scaling variable is a non-trivial function of the subsystem length and system's inhomogeneity that is easily written in terms of the curved metric. We test our predictions against exact numerical calculations in the free Fermi gas trapped by a harmonic potential, finding perfect agreement.
2019
2019
3
1
29
034001
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-5468/ab00ec/pdf
https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.02287
Murciano, S.; Ruggiero, P.; Calabrese, P.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/98091
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