Hp-version space-time discontinuous Galerkin methods for parabolic problems on prismatic meshes

We present a new hp-version space-time discontinuous Galerkin (dG) finite element method for the numerical approximation of parabolic evolution equations on general spatial meshes consisting of polygonal/polyhedral (polytopic) elements, giving rise to prismatic space-time elements. A key feature of the proposed method is the use of space-time elemental polynomial bases of total degree, say p, defined in the physical coordinate system, as opposed to standard dG time-stepping methods whereby spatial elemental bases are tensorized with temporal basis functions. This approach leads to a fully discrete hp-dG scheme using fewer degrees of freedom for each time step, compared to dG time-stepping schemes employing a tensorized space-time basis, with acceptable deterioration of the approximation properties. A second key feature of the new space-time dG method is the incorporation of very general spatial meshes consisting of possibly polygonal/polyhedral elements with an arbitrary number of faces. A priori error bounds are shown for the proposed method in various norms. An extensive comparison among the new space-time dG method, the (standard) tensorized space-time dG methods, the classical dG time-stepping, and the conforming finite element method in space is presented in a series of numerical experiments.