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Chapter 3: Certified Smagorinsky Reduced Basis Turbulence Model

In this chapter we start by presenting a reduced basis (RB) Smagorinsky turbulence model (cf. [541]) for steady flows, which is the basic large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model, in which the effect of the subgrid scales on the resolved scales is modeled by eddy diffusion terms (cf. [111, 515]). It is an intrinsically discrete model, since the eddy viscosity term depends on the mesh size. Although it is well known that the Smagorinsky model is overdiffusive, the construction of this RB S...

On the accuracy and efficiency of reduced order models: Towards real-world applications

This chapter provides an extended overview about Reduced Order Models (ROMs), with a focus on their features in terms of efficiency and accuracy. In particular, the aim is to browse the more common ROM frameworks, considering both intrusive and data-driven approaches. We present the validation of such techniques against several test cases. The first one is an academic benchmark, the thermal block problem, where a Poisson equation is considered. Here a classic intrusive ROM framework based on ...

Le sfide future delle neuroscienze

Evolution of Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions Across Species

Proper functioning of the central nervous system depends on various tightly regulated phenomena, among which astrocyte-neuron interactions are of critical importance. Various studies across the species have highlighted the diverse yet crucial roles of astrocytes in regulating the nervous system development and functions. In simpler organisms like worms or insects, astrocyte-like cells govern basic functions such as structural support to neurons or regulation of extracellular ions. As the spec...