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Neuromodulation and restoration of motor responses after severe spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury results in a remarkable level of spontaneous plasticity that occurs at the level of injury and beyond in discrete circuitry of the brain. The restorative and maladaptive reorganization of injured and spared circuitry results in a new operational state that is not yet fully understood but likely has vast implications for the efficacious implementation of neuromodulation therapy. Neuromodulation offers the potential to disrupt or reset the activation state of both intact and ...

Grid Cells Lose Coherence in Realistic Environments

Spatial cognition in naturalistic environments, for freely moving animals, may pose quite different constraints from that studied in artificial laboratory settings. Hippocampal place cells indeed look quite different, but almost nothing is known about entorhinal cortex grid cells, in the wild. Simulating our self-organizing adaptation model of grid cell pattern formation, we consider a virtual rat randomly exploring a virtual burrow, with feedforward connectivity from place to grid units and ...

The Physical Behavior of Interphase Chromosomes: Polymer Theory and Coarse-Grain Computer Simulations

Fluorescence in situ hybridization and chromosome conformation capture methods point to the same conclusion: that chromosomes appear to the external observer as compact structures with a highly nonrandom three-dimensional organization. In this work, we recapitulate the efforts made by us and other groups to rationalize this behavior in terms of the mathematical language and tools of polymer physics. After a brief introduction dedicated to some crucial experiments dissecting the structure of i...

Evoluzionismo, Life History Theory nella comprensione del disturbo da uso di sostanze