Spectral properties of one dimensional insulators and superconductors

Conformal field theory and Bethe ansatz are used to investigate the low energy features of the spectral function in one dimensional models which exhibit a gap in the spin or in the charge excitation spectrum. Exotic behavior is found in the superconducting case, where the Green function displays momentum dependent Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid exponents. The predictions of the formalism are confirmed by Lanczos diagonalizations in the t-J model up to 32 sites. These results may be relevant in connection to photoemission experiments in quasi-one-dimensional insulators or superconductors.